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Understanding how electric fields and their fluctuations in the active site of enzymes affect efficient catalysis represents a critical objective of biochemical research. We have directly measured the...
Truncated green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the 11th β-strand removed is potentially interesting for bioconjugation, imaging, and the preparation of semisynthetic proteins with novel spectroscopic ...
Semisynthetic green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) can be prepared by producing truncated GFPs recombinantly and assembling them with synthetic beta-strands of GFP. The yield from expressing the truncate...
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been reassembled from two pieces, a large fragment 214 amino acids in length that is produced recombinantly (GFP 1-10) and a short synthetic peptide corresponding t...
Solvent reorganization around the excited state of a chromophore leads to an emission shift to longer wavelengths during the excited-state lifetime. This solvation response is absent in wild-type gree...
Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is widely used as a genetically encoded fluorescent marker in biology. In the course of a comprehensive study of this protein, we observed an unusual, negative fluores...
In the preceding accompanying paper [Shu, X., et al. (2007) Biochemistry 46, 12005-12013], the 1.5 A resolution crystal structure of green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant S65T/H148D is presented, an...
Wild type green fluorescent protein (wt-GFP) and the variant S65T/H148D each exhibit two absorption bands, A and B, which are associated with the protonated and deprotonated chromophores, respectively...
Proteins respond to electrostatic perturbations through complex reorganizations of their charged and polar groups, as well as those of the surrounding media. These solvation responses occur both in th...
The evolution of proteins with novel function is thought to start from precursor proteins that are conformationally heterogeneous. The corresponding genes may be duplicated and then mutated to select ...
In parts 1 and 2 of this series [Hanson, G. T., McAnaney, T. B., Park, E. S., Rendell, M. E. P., Yarbrough, D. K., Chu, S. Y., Xi, L. X., Boxer, S. G., Montrose, M. H., and Remington, S. J. (2002) Bio...
Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP 10C) is widely used as a probe in biology, but its complex photochemistry gives rise to unusual behavior that requires fuller definition. Here we characterize the kinet...
Polarized absorption spectra of orthorhombic crystals of wild-type green fluorescent protein (GFP) were measured between 350 and 520 nm to obtain information on the directions of the electronic transi...
In the preceding paper [Hanson, G. T., McAnaney, T. B., Park, E. S., Rendell, M. E. P., Yarbrough, D. K., Chu, S., Xi, L., Boxer, S. G., Montrose, M. H., and Remington, S. J. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 1...
Novel dual emission, pH-sensitive variants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been constructed and are suitable for ratiometric emission measurements in vivo. This new class of GFPs, termed d...

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